Madagascar,
officially the Republic of Madagascar previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is
an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Southeast Africa. The
nation comprises the island of Madagascar, as well as numerous smaller
peripheral islands. Madagascar's highest peaks rise from three prominent
highland massifs: Maromokotro 2,876 m in the Tsaratanana Massif is the island's
highest point, followed by Boby Peak 2,658 m in the Andringitra Massif,
and Tsiafajavona 2,643 m in the Ankaratra
Massif. To the east, the Canal des
Pangalanes is a chain of man-made and natural lakes connected by canals
built by the French just inland from the east coast and running parallel to it
for some 600 km. The western and southern sides, which lie in the rain
shadow of the central highlands, are home to dry deciduous forests, spiny
forests, and deserts and xeric shrublands. Due to their lower population
densities, Madagascar's dry deciduous forests have been better preserved than
the eastern rain forests or the original woodlands of the central plateau. Source
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